It was remade in 1994 as La Reine Margot (later as Queen Margot, and subtitled, in English-language markets), starring Isabelle Adjani. [32] It seems unlikely any such orders came from the king, although the Guise faction may have desired the massacres. Ignatius of Loyola, from The Spiritual Exercises A. Ignatius of Loyola & the Society of Jesus [48], Among the slain were the philosopher Petrus Ramus, and in Lyon the composer Claude Goudimel. The Catholic Reformation A. Ignatius of Loyola & the Society of Jesus B. Both the Pope and King Philip II of Spain strongly condemned Catherine's Huguenot policy as well. Beside this, the rivalries between the leading families re-emerged. 8891 (quotation from p. 91), Foa, Jrmie, "Tous ceux qui tombent. Anonymous, A German Print of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre . The Venetian Senate, Letter to the Venetian Ambassadors in France, 1572 . The Guises were not prepared to make way for their rivals, the House of Montmorency. [83][pageneeded], Traditional histories have tended to focus more on the roles of the political notables whose machinations began the massacre than the mindset of those who actually did the killing. I am convinced that only forgiveness, offered and received, leads little by little to a fruitful dialogue, which will in turn ensure a fully Christian reconciliation. Holt speculated this entailed "between two and three dozen noblemen" who were still in Paris. After St. Bartholomew's the Huguenots, though bereft of their leaders, rushed to arms. he was a politique he restarted the french wars of religion he was hated by the french peasantry the inflation of the sixteenth century was a result of the influx of wealth from the new world and increased population spanish dreams of a world empire were undermined by the revolt of the netherlands [72] In fact there is little trace of Machiavelli in French writings before the massacre, and not very much after, until Gentillet's own book, but this concept was seized upon by many contemporaries, and played a crucial part in setting the long-lasting popular concept of Machiavellianism. About twelve thousand Huguenots were killed between August 25 and October 3. According to Denis Crouzet, Charles IX feared a Protestant uprising, and chose to strangle it at birth to protect his power. He contacted the Parisian authorities and another ambitious young man, running out of authority and power, Duke Henri de Guise (whose uncle, the clear-sighted Charles, cardinal of Lorraine, was then detained in Rome). Chains were used to block streets so that Protestants could not escape from their houses. This intervention threatened to involve France in that war; many Catholics believed that Coligny had again persuaded the king to intervene on the side of the Dutch,[15] as he had managed to do the previous October, before Catherine had got the decision reversed.[16]. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - Macmillan Learning Protestant nations were horrified. Internet History Sourcebooks: Modern History - Fordham University Omissions? The dates are in Garrison, p. 139, who adds, Holt (2005 ed. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [9] In the massacres of August, the relatives of the Gastines family were among the first to be killed by the mob. By focusing on describing the political and religious context for the massacre at the beginning, the author demonstrates the severity of the event. Fast Facts: St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Event Name: St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent 33. He received his B.A. 2023 OCLC Domestic and international trademarks and/or service marks of OCLC, Inc. and its affiliates. [56] Moderate French Catholics also began to wonder whether religious uniformity was worth the price of such bloodshed and the ranks of the Politiques began to swell. In his Histoire vritable de la ville de Lyon, the memorialist and former consul (town councillor) Claude de Rubys devoted just a few lines to the events of late August 1572, when the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacres had reached Lyon. At the low end are figures of about 2,000 in Paris[41] and 3,000 in the provinces, the latter figure an estimate by Philip Benedict in 1978. The murder of thousands of French Protestants by Catholics in August 1572 influenced not only the subsequent course of Frances civil wars and state building, but also patterns of international alliance and long-standing cultural values across Europe. The book begins with an introduction that explores the political and religious context for the massacre and traces the course of the massacre and its aftermath. Even within the Louvre, Navarres attendants were slaughtered, though Navarre and Henry I de Bourbon, 2nd prince de Cond, were spared. ("Emond" or "Edmond"). However, when Charles IX and his mother learned of the involvement of the duke of Anjou, and being so dependent on his support, they issued a second royal declaration, which while asking for an end to the massacres, credited the initiative with the desire of Charles IX to prevent a Protestant plot. -The Huguenot faction was fatally wounded. [101] Millais was inspired to create the painting after seeing Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Saint Bartholomew's Day | Catholic Answers That evening, Catherine held a meeting at the Tuileries Palace with her Italian advisers, including Albert de Gondi, Comte de Retz. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - Reactions To The Massacre [21] Other historians are reluctant to speculate on the composition or size of the group of leaders targeted at this point, beyond the few obvious heads. Orlans, Meaux, Angers, La Charit, Saumur, Gaillac and Troyes. One can also understand why, the day after the start of the massacre, Catherine de' Medici, through royal declaration of Charles IX, condemned the crimes, and threatened the Guise family with royal justice. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre King Philip II (1527-1598). For Le Monde, Youness Bousenna interviews Jrmie Foa, current Member in the School of Historical Studies, about his book on the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre:. 72- . Chnier was able to put his principles into practice as a politician, voting for the execution of Louis XVI and many others, perhaps including his brother Andr Chnier. They were ordered to shut the city gates and arm the citizenry to prevent any attempt at a Protestant uprising. 30. Despite the large numbers of pamphlets and broadsheets in circulation, literacy rates were still poor. [47] For Paris, the only hard figure is a payment by the city to workmen for collecting and burying 1,100 bodies washed up on the banks of the Seine downstream from the city in one week. available here It is difficult today to determine the exact chronology of events, or to know the precise moment the killing began. Anjou's supposed account was the source of the quotation attributed to Charles IX: "Well then, so be it! Kill them! Those who remained became increasingly radicalized. [1] A fellow Huguenot refugee, a banker from Lyon, commissioned the painting to commemorate the event. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre - New Advent Venetian ambassadors to England in the 15th Century were "perplexed by the English - especially by their extreme hostility to foreigners". [61] Huguenot works understandably dwelt on the harrowing details of violence, expounded various conspiracy theories that the royal court had long planned the massacres, and often showed extravagant anti-Italian feelings directed at Catherine, Gondi, and other Italians at court. Many victims were also thrown into the Seine, invoking the purification by water of Catholic baptism". [42] Other estimates are about 10,000 in total,[43] with about 3,000 in Paris[44] and 7,000 in the provinces. The Elizabethan dramatist Christopher Marlowe knew the story well from the Huguenot literature translated into English, and probably from French refugees who had sought refuge in his native Canterbury. "[66][67], The author of the Lettre de Pierre Charpentier (1572) was not only "a Protestant of sorts, and thus, apparently, writing with inside knowledge", but also "an extreme apologist for the massacre in his view a well-merited punishment for years of civil disobedience [and] secret sedition"[68] A strand of Catholic writing, especially by Italian authors, broke from the official French line to applaud the massacre as precisely a brilliant stratagem, deliberately planned from various points beforehand. A 1440 tax survey of aliens indicates they made up 2%. 30. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX,[2] the massacre started a few days after the marriage on 18 August of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant King Henry III of Navarre. 30. A riveting account of the Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, its origins, and its aftermath, this volume by Barbara B. Diefendorf introduces students to the most notorious episode in Frances sixteenth century civil and religious wars and an event of lasting historical importance. Lord Acton changed his mind on whether the massacre had been premeditated twice, finally concluding that it was not. While the Queen Mother was eating dinner, Protestants burst in to demand justice, some talking in menacing terms. The terrified Huguenot nobles in the building initially put up a fight, hoping to save the life of their leader,[23] but Coligny himself seemed unperturbed. Anonymous, A German Print of the Saint Bartholomew's Day . All rights reserved. That was interpreted by the Parisians as a sign of divine blessing and approval to these multiple murders,[22] and on the same day at night, a group led by Guise in person dragged Admiral Coligny from his bed, killed him, and threw his body out of a window. Historian Barbara B. Diefendorf, Professor of History at Boston University, wrote that Simon Vigor had "said if the King ordered the Admiral (Coligny) killed, 'it would be wicked not to kill him'. The Catholic response to a Huguenot plot / Claude Haton (1572) -- 18. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572) 1) Funds must be available to cover the check value and the bank's processing fee 2) The Cardholder can dispute a. The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre is the setting for Tim Willocks' historical novel, The Twelve Children of Paris (Matthias Tannhauser Trilogy:2), published in 2013. The mob had torn down his house and erected a large wooden cross on a stone base. [7], Compounding this bad feeling was the fact that the harvests had been poor and taxes had risen. Madame, the king refuses to involve himself in one war. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, Aug. 24, 1572 As recorded by statesman and historian, De Thou (1553-1617), who was a witness to the events on St. Bartholomew Day as a youth. For the, Attempted assassination of Admiral de Coligny, Holt (2005), pp. Another novel depicting this massacre is Queen Jezebel, by Jean Plaidy (1953). In the third episode of the BBC miniseries Elizabeth R (1971), starring Glenda Jackson as Queen Elizabeth I of England, the English court's reaction to the massacre and its effect on England's relations with France is addressed in depth. 9395 for a different emphasis. HISTORY QUESTION Based on the excerpt from Giovanni - Chegg Garrison, pp. Please enable JavaScript on your browser. "[91], However Raymond Mentzer points out that Protestants "could be as bloodthirsty as Catholics. The Council of Trent (meets 1545-1563) C. Renewed power for the Roman Inquisition C. The third round, France : Calvinists vs. Catholics A riveting account of the Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, its origins, and its aftermath, this volume by Barbara B. Diefendorf introduces students to the most notorious episode in Frances sixteenth century civil and religious wars and an event of lasting historical importance. Anonymous, A German Print of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre . God grant that he may not, be caught up in another which he cannot avoid, this controversial saying by Admiral. AP Euro Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet Estimates of the number that perished in the massacres have varied from 2,000 by a Roman Catholic apologist to 70,000 by the contemporary Huguenot Maximilien de Bthune, who himself barely escaped death. Moreover seven of them shared a previous experience [they] had actually been taken over by Protestant minorities during the first civil war"[29], In several cases the Catholic party in the city believed they had received orders from the king to begin the massacre, some conveyed by visitors to the city, and in other cases apparently coming from a local nobleman or his agent.
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