Given the wide reach of schools and the fact that school health services already exist in most countries, international guidelines are needed to clarify whether school health services can be effective, and if so, which interventions should and should not be included. These SRs must assess routine, multi-component school health services and the characteristics that make them effective, with special attention to content, quality, intensity, method of delivery, and cost. Evans and colleagues found strong evidence from China, Tanzania, and India that school vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits increased wearing of spectacles when spectacles were provided at no cost [21]. Table C. Calculation of corrected covered areas (CCAs). Suggested citation: National Association of School Nurses. It is an important aspect of (school) Administration. PDF Maintaining Child Health Records in Child Care Settings This was never required as consensus was always reached. You can review and change the way we collect information below. No review evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-component school health services intervention addressing multiple health areas. To be included in this overview, at least 50% of studies within each SR had to fulfill all inclusion criteria. Schools offer a unique opportunity toimplement effective health services at scale forchildren and adolescents. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. SHI | Using School Health Assessments | Healthy Schools | CDC DoE Issues New Guidance on FERPA and Student Health Records Quality appraisal of primary studies. The computer software organizes data in ways that are easy to interpret and put to use. Why every school needs an EHR system - Frontline Education School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health. This document replaces the School Nurse Role in Electronic School Health Records (January 2014). What is a school health assessment?A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students health and educational outcomes. Additionally, resources differ by income level and therefore effective interventions in HIC may need to be tailored or changed entirely in order to be feasible in LMIC and LIC. However, they did not assess risk of bias or appraise the quality of included studies [31]. School Nurses' Role Expands With Access To Students' Online Health Records These criteria likely exclude potentially relevant literature. If consensus was not possible during title/abstract or full text screening, a third reviewer (DR), who had the casting vote, would have been asked to independently screen the article. It's especially important to keep IEP and 504 plan records. First, an overview is unlikely to include the latest evidence if recent primary studies have not yet been included in SRs. Why Certain School Records Are Important to Keep This overview used the corrected covered area (CCA), a comprehensive and validated measure, to determine overlap [16]. Geryk and colleagues found that education on correct use of an inhaler improved inhaler technique, regardless of deliverer, method, or duration of the intervention [31]. Any existing overviews or SRs of SRs that emerged from the searches were not themselves included, but the SRs within them were extracted and screened. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. An important consideration in overviews is the degree of overlap, or the use of the same primary study in multiple included SRs. It is compulsory and can never be jettisoned. All three tools are useful for internal planning and program improvement. More than half of included SRs analyzed mental health and oral health interventions, and no SRs were found that assessed other relevant health areas, such as vaccinations, communicable diseases, injuries, etc. It should include not only personal data of the pupil but also his school-attainments, health report, personality traits and participation in activities. Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice, Call for Conference Presentation Submissions, NCPD Contact Hours Certificates and Transcripts, Electronic health records: An essential tool in keeping students healthy, Healthcare Information and Management Systems. For more detailed information on how to coordinate these assessments, contact the three organizations by going to the Web sites listed at the end of this document. In 2015, the top five leading causes of death for 59 year olds were lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, meningitis, drowning, and road injury [47]. The school nurse will be an integral member of a child's larger healthcare team, assuring implementation of the plan of care and providing timely information from the school health record about student response to care. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Excluded full text articles. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Further, no SRs evaluated comprehensive or multi-component school health services. If school health services are to truly improve the health of children and adolescents, they must comprehensively address the most pressing problems of this population. WHO reports densities of less than one physician per 1000 population in 76 countries and less than three nurses or midwives per 1000 population in 87 countries [50]. More than half of all suicides in 2021 - 26,328 out of 48,183, or 55% - also involved a gun, the highest percentage since 2001. The majority of SRs assessed educational, counseling, or preventive interventions, most of which were special research interventions rather than routinely-delivered school health services. In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. This overview found only one SR that assessed obesity treatment and prevention delivered by a health professional in schools, despite the fact that over 340 million school-age children and adolescents were overweight or obese in 2016 [46]. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Similarly, some states require portions of the Healthy School Report Card to be completed. It was also designed to suggest further research in areas where recent systematic reviews (SRs) exist, but with insufficient evidence. The final three SRs either did not state the locations of included studies [27,34] or provided regions rather than specific country locations [26]. PDF SCHOOL HEALTH RECORD - Pennsylvania Department of Health For useful recommendations to be made regarding school health services, cost-effectiveness must be more closely examined by primary studies and SRs. School Records: Aim, Types, Maintenance & Cumulative Records In order for policy makers and leaders in school health to make evidence-based recommendations on which services should be available in schools, who should deliver them, and how should they be delivered, more SRs must be done. Students from the most diverse and complex clinical settings come to school and require care that must be coordinated with acute care records in order to assure efficient, effective care, making schools an effective partner for Accountable Care Organizations. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. S4 Appendix. The corrected covered area (CCA) was found to be 1, indicating only slight overlap between the 20 SRs. However, the SR suggested that the studies were ineffective in changing self-reported risky behaviors, although follow-up was either immediate or short-term (less than 6 months) [35]. The primary objective of this overview was to explore the effectiveness of school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents. Furthermore, this overview exposes a mismatch between the SR literature on effectiveness of school health services and the actual school health services that are most commonly delivered. CCA values for all health areas and calculations are available in Tables C and D in S5 Appendix. This overview measured overlap using the corrected covered area (CCA) [16] and did not exclude overlapping studies. A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students' health and educational outcomes. Although mortality and morbidity statistics vary by region and country, it is clear that the health areas included in this overview reflect a small subset of the global burden of disease for children and adolescents.
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