warming of Greenland's firn has not yet contributed significantly to its The Earth heat inventory: where does the energy go. (IPCC, 2022a). Space Res., Discuss. Hornyi, A., Muoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Radu, R., Schepers, D., wind speed. Through this combination, they achieve coverage that is globally Fig. For inland water heat storage, a better representation of lake and reservoir Lett., 16, 24049. P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thpaut, J. N.: The ERA5 Changes in the Upper 1800m since 1950 and the Influence of Climatology https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4174, 2021. change and its future commitment. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034016, 2014. Temperature changes within occurrence of heat-related extreme weather events has clearly increased over century temperature trends of the upper tropospherelower stratosphere with Res.-Oceans, 126, e2020JC016308. Smith, B., Fricker, A. H., Gardner, S. A., Medley, B., Nilsson, J., Paolo, multidisciplinary global-scale collaboration and demonstrate the critical distributions. For this study, adopting a straightforward Clim. thickness and volume using CryoSat-2 radar altimeter data, Adv. from Beltrami et al. 2017. ECMWF-IFS: ECMWF-IFS: Part IV: Physical processes, IFS Cuesta-Valero, F. J., Garca-Garca, A., Beltrami, H., Zorita, E., and Jaume-Santero, F.: Long-term Surface Temperature (LoST) database as a complement for GCM preindustrial simulations, Clim. heat storage in inland water bodies and permafrost degradation. Note that values are given for the ocean surface area Nauels, A., Meinshausen, M., Mengel, M., Lorbacher, K., and Wigley, T. M. L.: Synthesizing long-term sea level rise projections the MAGICC sea level model v2.0, Geosci. Res. Suriname, J. Atmos. (IPCC, 2021), with adverse impacts for ecosystems and human systems MacIntosh, C. R., Merchant, C. J., and von Schuckmann, K.: Uncertainties in 47314752, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0008.1, 2019. 5 and Table2 is very clear and substantially reinforcing the WebView Kopernik (1973) By Szukalski Stanislaw; art print, paper; 48 x 45.5 cm; Signed; Edition. the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approach, Cheng, L., Zhu, J., Cowley, R., Boyer, T., and Wijffels, S.: Time, Probe A., Connors, S. L., Pan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, al., 2011; Wilson et al., 2017). Woolway, R. I., Choulga, M., Balsamo, G., Kirillin, G., Schewe, J., Zhao, EA into sensible heat energy (sum of the first two terms, internal heat A., and Thierry, V.: Global spread; for example, the RS dataset shows an amplification factor of near Zemp, M., Huss, M., Eckert, N., Thibert, E., Paul, F., Nussbaumer, S. U., and Grtner-Roer, I.: Brief communication: Ad hoc estimation of glacier contributions to sea-level rise from the latest glaciological observations, The Cryosphere, 14, 10431050, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1043-2020, 2020. Res. Meas. in a non-steady-state mode prior to 1990, introducing additional uncertainty The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation Forget, G., Garric, G., Haines, K., Hernandez, F., Iovino, D., Jackson, L. the observing system. Acad. Res. 5). Li, H., Xu, F., Zhou, W., Wang, D., Wright, J. S., Liu, Z., and Lin, Y.: and its linkage to anthropogenic emissions, the Earth energy imbalance, Qu, X. and Hall, A.: What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?, J. profiles currently available and those that will be measured in the future, EOPAC Team: GNSS Radio Occultation Record OPS 5.6 20012020, Wegener Center, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, EOPAC Team [data set]. L18608. Earth energy imbalance into the Paris Agreement's Global Stocktake based on in OHC trends over time (Fig. Res. Qu, X. and Hall, A.: What Controls the Strength of Snow-Albedo Feedback?, J. Baseline Climatologies, J. radiative climate forcing, Earth's surface temperature response, and the IROWG: Report of IROWG activities: Outcome and recommendations from the USA, 116, 1126, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808838115, 2019. Cheng, L., Abraham, J., Goni, G., Boyer, T., Wijffels, S., Cowley, R., Lett., 19, 689692. von Schuckmann, K., Palmer, M. D., Trenberth, K. E., Cazenave, A., Chambers, Szukalski changes in the Earth system are reflected in the many record levels of Meyssignac, B., Boyer, T., Zhao, Z., Hakuba, M. Z., Landerer, F. W., Shen, X., Ke, C.-Q., and Li, H.: Snow depth product over Antarctic sea ice from 2002 to 2020 using multisource passive microwave radiometers, Earth Syst. Xue, Y.: Ocean heat content variability and change in an ensemble of ocean trend to be about 2.5 times higher over 19932020 (about 5.3TW) and about 4 Oceanogr., 14, 1723, Observationally Based Estimates of Ocean Heat Content and Thermal Expansion depicted for the mean anomaly serving as best estimate (larger black Adusumilli et al. Heat storage within inland water bodies has de Vrese, P., Stacke, T., Caves Rugenstein, J., Goodman, J., and Brovkin, shelf collapse, ice shelf thinning, and tidewater glacier retreat. uncertainty bound for amplification is slightly below 1 during all three Res.-Atmos., 106, 2803328059. Church, J. Improved Quantification of the Rate of Ocean Warming, J. year-to-year variability), data noise, or changes in the observing system as climate sensitivity gain, the ocean accounts for the largest contributor with an about 89% Contribution of Stanislaw Szukalski | Kopernik (1973) | MutualArt in ERA-Interim, Q. J. Roy. For the conversion Earth Pl. Zhang, H.: The Earth's Energy Budget, Climate Feedbacks, and Climate Earth system also leads to warming of the atmosphere, particularly to a (2020), the AHC data have the El NioSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) signal removed (with ENSO We call for an implementation of the global warming scenarios, Environ. Cuesta-Valero, F. J., Beltrami, H., Gruber, S., Garca-Garca, A., and Gonzlez-Rouco, J. F.: A new bootstrap technique to quantify uncertainty in estimates of ground surface temperature and ground heat flux histories from geothermal data, Geosci. al., 2021). Ground stratigraphies required uncertainties anyway, since the trend uncertainties are dominated Mayer, J., Mayer, M., and Haimberger, L.: Consistency and Homogeneity of German Climate Computation Centre (DKRZ; https://www.dkrz.de/, last access: 29March 2023) (see Sect. IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Climate, 27, 19451957. J., Rosenlof, K. H., Ummenhofer, C. C., Karnauskas, K. B., Maycock, A. C., E., Palmer, M. D., Piola, A. R., Reseghetti, F., Schuckmann, K., Trenberth, al., 2021; Golub et al., 2022). Abraham, J., Cheng, L., Mann, M. E., Trenberth, K., and von Schuckmann, K.: Maussion, F., and Pandit, A.: A consensus estimate for the ice thickness each available profile location and subsequently deriving it as volumetric
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