In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. PDF Grade 5 United States History and Geography I. Standards Assessed He graduated with a master's degree in 1577, and remained in Oxford as a lecturer. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. He carefully explores economic concerns . In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Furthermore, fur, already exploited by the French, was another good reason for England to colonize. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Updates? 21 chapters | English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. . In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. Hakluyt's cousin, also named Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle Temple, became his guardian. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? In Mare Liberum, Grotius denied that the 1493 donation by Pope Alexander VI that had divided the oceans between Spain and Portugal entitled Spain to make territorial claims to North America. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Under the reference "Bib. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. She taught for history for fifteen years. Create an account to start this course today. Grotius' arguments supported England's right to trade in the Indies. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles. His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. 2.8: Primary Sources - Humanities LibreTexts However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. Your privacy is extremely important to us. (2021, April 8). This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. His major publication, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), provides almost everything known about the early English voyages to North America. All rights reserved. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard Hakluyt Biography and Significance - Study.com That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. DOC Reasons for Colonization - Mr. Harris In 1613 appeared the Pilgrimage of Samuel Purchas, another clergyman fascinated with the new discoveries of the age. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. Stafford at that time was the ambassador to Paris for Queen Elizabeth I of England. PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . Learn More. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Corrections? This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. The Hakluyts believed that colonies were the answer to England's problems. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death.
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